UK 2024 "The Age of the Dinosaurs" (part I - prehistoric animals)
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| Issue Date | 12.03.2024 |
| ID | Michel: Scott: Stanley Gibbons: Yvert: Category: pR |
| Design | Artwork: Joshua Dunlop; Stamps design: "The Chase" creative consultants. |
| Stamps in set | 8 |
| Value |
First Class - Tyrannosaurus First Class - Triceratops First Class - Coloborhynchus First Class - Iguanodon GBP 2 - Stegosaurus GBP 2 - Diplodocus GBP 2 - Megalosaurus GBP 2 - Cryptoclidus * First Class rate was equivalent to GBP 1,25 at the time of the stamps issue. * GBP 2 is the international economy rate for letters up to 100 grams. |
| Emission/Type | commemorative |
| Issue place | London, Lyme Regis |
| Size (width x height) | 50mm x 30mm |
| Layout | 4 stamps-sheets of 60 with 15 vertical se-tenant pairs |
| Products | FDC x2, PP x1, Coins x2, Coin FDC x2 |
| Paper | Phoshor bars as appropriate, with PVA gum |
| Perforation | 14x14 |
| Print Technique | Lithography |
| Printed by | Cartor Security Printers |
| Quantity | |
| Issuing Authority | Royal Mail |
Om March 12th, 2024, the Royal Mail issued the set "The Age of the Dinosaurs". The pre-sale of these stamps started one week ahead of the official release, on March 5th, 2024, to allow to national and international collectors to prepare their covers for canacellations by the First-Day-of-Issue Postmarks.
Acording to the Royal Mail rules,
prepared covers or postcards of the national customers must be sent to
the relevant Handstamp Centre by the date of the required Handstamp.
Overseas customers may submit covers, to the relevant Handstamp Centre,
within 28 days of the date of the postmark required.
During the pre-sale week, it was possible to order addressed FDCs with an address printed by the Royal Mail on the bottom-right side of these covers. This service was not available after March 12th, 2024 (the issue date of the stamps set).
To prevent damage, the Royal Mail posted addressed FDCs in another envelope (see below). On the other hand, the tracks of the mail sorting machine were left on the envelope, rather FDC - pity, as it could be a good indication the FDC was gone through the post. Otherwise some people (even a jury) might say the FDC never went through the post and the address was just printed on.
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| FDC with prehistoric animals stamps of Great Britain 2024, posted to Germany | Addressed FDC with prehistoric animals stamps of Great Britain 2024 |
The stamps set "The Age of the Dinosaurs" includes four pairs of stamps with reconstructions of prehistoric animals (every pair of the stamps shows an interaction of animals of two species) and the Mini-Sheet with four self-adhesive stamps show Mary Anning and three of the fossils she unearthed along the Dorset coastline.
Due the fact they looks differently both thematically and artistically, their description was split by two articles.
- This article is about the stamps set of the four pairs with reconstructions of prehistoric animals.
- The article about Mary Anning and her fossils is here.
The "The Age of the Dinosaurs" set has been carefully created in partnership with the Natural History Museum, using scientists from no less than six different specialisms of palaeontology. The set was issued by the Royal Mail to celebrate the 200th anniversary of description of the first dinosaur. When clergyman and palaeontologist William Buckland named his findings of the fossilised remains of a prehistoric creature "Megalosaurus" (meaning "great lizard") in 1824, this was the first scientific description of what became known as a dinosaur. The new designs by digital illustrator Joshua Dunlop combine scientific accuracy with artistic brilliance in a captivating homage to the wonders of palaeontology, appealing to both stamp enthusiasts and dinosaur fans alike.
David Gold, Director of External Affairs and Policy of the Royal Mail said: We were thrilled to feature incredible dinosaurs from the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex to graceful Diplodocus as well as other fascinating prehistoric reptiles in their natural habitats. It is fitting [the issue of the stamps set] in the week of International Women’s Day that we pay tribute to Mary Anning with four images of some of the fossils she discovered. She was one of the greatest fossil hunters of the 19th century, making a major contribution to our understanding of the majestic creatures that roamed the Earth hundreds of millions of years ago. |
Maxine Lister, Head of Licensing at the Natural History Museum, said:We were thrilled when Royal Mail approached us to collaborate on these brilliant sets of stamps. It’s perfect timing too, as we have just celebrated the 200th anniversary since the naming of the first dinosaur, the Megalosaurus, which features as part of this collection. Our mission is to create advocates for the planet and we hope these stunning designs inspire everyone to discover a bit more about our natural world, whether that be the creatures that lived here before us, or the pioneering figures who shaped our understanding of them today. |
The artist, Joshua Dunlop said:I am incredibly proud to finally announce that I created the artwork for Royal Mail's brand new stamp collection 'Age of the Dinosaurs' in conjunction with Natural History Museum, London. These were approved by the King himself! |
These stamps design was made by "The Chase" creative consultants agency based on the artwork of Joshua Dunlop. "The Chase" wanted to avoid the more usual cliched imagery of dinosaurs standing in a tropical scene roaring in front of an exploding volcano. They wanted to explore an approach more akin to that of award winning wildlife photography. They wanted the images to look as real as possible with different landscapes, in different weather conditions and at different times of the day.
The stamps were printed in setenant pairs. However, rather than have two unconnected images "The Chase" used the format to their advantage by placing both prehistoric animals in the same scene (after checking with experts at The Natural History Museum that this would have been able to happen), but from completely opposite angles, almost as if the moment was captured by two photographers from different stand points at exactly the same time.
About the artist:
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Mr. Joshua Dunlop is a freelance professional Concept artist, from Exeter in the UK, who studied art in the University of West London and Teesside University between 2008 and 2015. Joshua specialises in creatures for companies such as Disney and Netflix as well as illustrations for promotion material like the stamps.
Concept artist refers to artist that develops ideas and concepts through artwork for a variety of elements of a project. For example, if the artist were working on a film that had a Tyrannosaurus in it, he would do loads of different sketches and designs to show a director, who would pick which elements he like and the artist would work up a final design that would be passed on to the visual effects team which would eventually end up in the film.
The stamp sketches and final images, created by Joshua Dunlop for the Royal Mail. Images credit: Art Station of Joshua Dunlop.
Joshua Dunlop explained about his work on these stamps:
Those Dinosaurs are incredible, but when designing them I wanted to give them all my own style while keeping up with the most up to date understanding of Dinosaur anatomy. Thankfully I had incredible palaeontologists and palaeobotanists at the Natural History Museum in London to guide me on everything. They also gave me artwork from previous dinosaur projects they had run for guidance on the colours etc.
The "The Age of the Dinosaurs" were the first stamps designed by Mr. Dunlop for the Royal Mail, who found his work on Artstation website and reached him out. Joshua doesn't have any video or photo shows his work about the Dinosaur stamps as they are specifically the property of Royal Mail and he didn't film anything through the process, but the other videos show how he generally put his pictures together: "Tyrantrum Time Lapse" (11 minutes YouTube video).
The Mesozoic Era, or the "Age of the Dinosaurs" as it is commonly known, lasted from 252 to 66 million years ago and comprises, in order from oldest to youngest, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
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| Mary Anning on the Age of the Dinosaurs stamp of Great Britain 2024, MiNr.: , Scott: |
Fossilised remains help paleontologists to unearth the secrets of these incredible creatures, and one of the greatest fossil hunters of the 19th century was Mary Anning.
Mary Anning lived during a time when it was fashionable for wealthy Georgians to visit seaside towns to acquire fossils to add to their cabinets of curiosities.
It was also when paleontology was becoming recognised as a branch of the natural sciences. Anning spent her life unearthing "curios" from the fossil-rich cliffs near her home in Lyme Regis, Dorset, to sell to tourists and scientific collectors alike, and made many important discoveries.
A fascination with prehistoric life continues today. palaontologists study all fossilised past life, including corals, fishes, mammals and plants, in addition to prehistoric reptiles. Fossils can help us not only to learn about the lives of these species, but to understand what the Earth was like in the past. From the mighty Tyrannosaurus Rex of the Late Cretaceous to the graceful Diplodocus of the Jurassic, each of the eight stamps transports collectors to a specific era, capturing the essence of these fascinating prehistoric creatures in their habitats.
The following prehistoric animals were depicted in their mighty habitats on the stamps
Four "British" prehistoric animals: pterosaur Coloborhynchus, plesiosaur Cryptoclidus and two dinosaurs: Iguanodon and Megalosaurus.
Fossils of all eight prehistoric animals depicted on these stamps are on display in the Natural History Museum in London.
The Natural History Museum in London on the cover of booklet with inland stamps of UK 1981.
The Natural History Museum in London, established in 1881, is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. The museum is home to life and earth science specimens comprising some 80 million items within five main collections: botany, entomology, mineralogy, palaeontology and zoology. Only a fraction of them is on show. Given the age of the institution, many of the collections have great historical as well as scientific value, such as specimens collected by Charles Darwin. The museum is particularly famous for its exhibition of dinosaur skeletons and ornate architecture—sometimes dubbed a cathedral of nature—both exemplified by the large Diplodocus cast that dominated the vaulted central hall before it was replaced in 2017 with the skeleton of a blue whale hanging from the ceiling.
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| the Natural History Museum in London on postmark of UK 1985 |
The new museum was built, because the collection of the British Museum, established in 1753, which include not only naruarl history objects, grew up by much, the building was so full thar new specimens were being returned away. Many new objects came from all over the world, but particularly from territories forming British Empire and countries with string traiding wioth Britain such as China and USA. In thr middle of 1800s, after extensive debates, the decision was made to remove all the natural history collection to a separate museum. The Superintendant of the British Museum, Richard Owen, believed the world's powerful nation shozld have the wold's biggest and best natural history museum. Owen, who had connection with the Roayl family, convience the goverment to construct the new building for the museum.
In 1862 the goverment purchase a land to build new museum in South Kensington. Due to the varios plitical and technical issues, the constraction of the new museum was started in 1873 only, based on the scheme proposed by Richard Owen. The "cathedral to nature" was built by young, and at that time unknow yet, architect Alfred Waterhouse, who bring to life Owen's dream of a cathedral to nature. Waterhouse created wonderful depictions of plants and animals to decorate the building both in-s and out-side. The decorations were carefully checked by Owen, and reflected his plan to divide the Museum display rigorously between past and present, with living creature to the west, fossils, rocks and minerals to the east.
Easter Monday, 18th April 1881, was the opening day of the the British Museum (Natural History). Moving the natural history collection from the old building took more than a year. Last part, of zoologixal colelction, arrived in late 1882. New building, called Darwin Center, was added to the useum in 2002.
Since the openins and til today the museum entrance is free of charge.
The first pair of "the Age of the Dinosaurs" stamps shows Tyrannosaurus faces off against a Triceratops, both lived during the Late Cretaceous Period between 68 and 66 million years ago in North America. A partial Triceratops fossil collected in 1997 has a horn that was bitten off, with bite marks that match Tyrannosaurus.
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| Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops on the Age of the Dinosaurs stamps of Great Britain 2024 MiNr.: , Scott: |
From nose to tail, Tyrannosaurus reached up to 13 metres. Its skull alone could be 1.5 metres long. But despite this dinosaur's large body size, it had particularly tiny arms. Tyrannosaurus is the best known dinosaur for the public. The skeletons or casts of this dinosaur can be seen in many museums in the world, including the Natural History Museum in London.
Tyrannosaurus was the largest dinosaur in the family Tyrannosauridae. Following close behind in size are other tyrannosaurs such as Tarbosaurus, Albertosaurus and Yutyrannus.
Some Tyrannosaurus fossils show bite marks from other tyrannosaurs, so it's clear that they fought each other, whether over food or mates. We know that close relatives of Tyrannosaurus sometimes lived together because there are fossils of groups who were buried together, but we don't know for sure if they hunted alone, or in packs like lions and wolves do today. So far, no groups of Tyrannosaurus skeletons have been found.
Collection of Natural History Museum in London includes the first known specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex, which was discovered in Wyoming, USA, the lower jaw of which is on display in the Dinosaur Gallery and full-sized animatronic model of a Tyrannosaurus rex.
Triceratops was one of the biggest horned dinosaurs. It lived around 68 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous Period, alongside the likes of Tyrannosaurus. Triceratops weighed about 5 tonnes and measured up to 9m in length – its head alone was about as long as a person. It had a curved, bony frill jutting out over its neck and a hard beak at the end of its nose. The word Triceratops means "three-horned face" – a reference to its impressive horns, which may have been used in defence against large meat eaters.
The first Triceratops bones were found in Colorado, USA in 1887, and at first the pair of brown horns attached to a piece of skull were mistakenly thought to belong to a large and unusual bison.
Collection of Natural History Museum in London includes large skull of a Triceratops and a cast of a skeleton. The skull was collected by professional fossil collector Charles H Sternberg in 1909 at the Hell Creek Formation in Wyoming, USA.
The skeleton's cast a papier mache model created by Frederic Lucas in 1900 for for the Smithsonian display at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. Lucas, probably, used illustration of a Triceratops skeleton from O.C. Marsh’s publication as the reference. Later on teh Natural History Museum in Londom purchased the cast.
The second pair of "the Age of the Dinosaurs" stamps shows Stegosaurus and Diplodocus - another pair of North American dinosaurs from the Jurassic Period. Stegosaurus is one of the most recognisable dinosaurs, although we know relatively little about it as remains are rare. Diplodocus reached up to 27 metres in length and was one first discovred Sauropods.
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| Stegosaurus and Diplodocus on the Age of the Dinosaurs stamps of Great Britain 2024 MiNr.: , Scott: |
Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal.
Various ideas have been proposed for the function of the plates. Perhaps they were used to defend against attack by predators, or acted as giant radiators, as the plates contained many blood vessels, to help Stegosaurus lose and gain heat - or maybe they were simply used for display.
Stegosaurus was slow moving plant-eater (herbivore) dinosaur, who had two pairs of pointed bony spikes were present on the end of the tail. These are presumed to have served as defensive weapons, as protection against predators, such as Allosaurus (Tyrannosaurus didn't evolved at the time Stegosaurus lived).
The forelimbs of Stegosaurus were much shorter than the hind limbs, which gave the back a characteristically arched appearance. The feet were short and broad. Stegosaurus's length estimated between 6 and 9 meters and the weight over 4.5 tons.
The long and narrow skull was small in proportion to the body. The skull's low position suggests that Stegosaurus may have been a browser of low-growing vegetation. Stegosaurian teeth were small, triangular, and flat; wear facets show that they did grind their food.
Despite the animal's overall size, the braincase of Stegosaurus was small, the smallest proportionally of all dinosaur endocasts then known. The brain of the 5 tonnes dinosaur was about 80g only. According to the recent research, Stegosaurus didn't live in herds, but was probably solitary or lived in small groups.
Although Stegosaurus has been known about for more than 130 years, not much is known about its biology, as fossils of Stegosaurus are rare. Only few more or less completed skeletons of this dinosaurs were discovered to date (2024).
Collection of the Natural History Museum in London includes the most intact Stegosaurus stenops skeleton, only few bones are missing (left forelimb, the base of its tail, and few other small bones). Despite its status as one of the most iconic and easily recognizable dinosaurs, well-preserved remains of Stegosaurus are surprisingly rare. It appears to have been so well preserved because it was buried rapidly in a pond or body of standing water immediately after death.
The unprecedented specimen, unearthed in Wyoming, USA in 2003.
The specimen was discovered in 2003 by Bob Simon who, late one evening during a severe windstorm, was moving a bulldozer and accidentally grazed the side of a hill. The next morning, Mr. Simon noted bones at the site where the bulldozer had accidentally removed some weathered material, and started to excavate what he later recognized as the base of a tail. Poor weather prevented more extensive exploration of the discovery that year and the remainder of the specimen was excavated in 2004 by Mr Simon, his staff, and Kirby Siber and colleagues from the Sauriermuseum, Aathal, Switzerland, where the specimen was later prepared.
It took 18 months to dig the fossil out of the ground. The fossils was purchased by the Natural History Museum in London and arrived at the Museum in late 2013. It took many months to the Museum's staff to assemble more than 300 bones. On 4th December 2014, the skeleton was added to the public gallerie in the Earth hall of the Museum.The skeleton, is probably belongs to a young dinosaur, as it is just over 5.5 metres long, whereas other Stegosaurus specimens reach up to 9 metres in length.
Even though the sex of the dinosaur is unknown it received the nickname "Sopie", after daughter of Jeremy Herrmann who was the most notable donor in the purchase campaign of the Museum.
Diplodocus was one of the longest dinosaurs ever to have existed, Diplodocus was a long-necked prehistoric creature belonging to a group of dinosaurs called sauropods. It lived 150 million years ago at the end of the Jurassic Period. Reaching up to 27m in length, Diplodocus was a giant, weighing around 20 tonnes – as much as three male African elephants.
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| Diplodocus chevrons. Image credit Wikipedia |
Diplodocus had a long neck that it would have used to reach high and low vegetation, and to drink water. There has been some debate over how such a long neck would have been held. Scientists now think that ligaments running from the hip to the back of the neck would have allowed Diplodocus to hold its neck in a horizontal position without using muscles.
Collection of the Natural History Museum in London includes a cast of the famous Diplodocus - the "Dippy", who served as an awe-inspiring welcoming sight for visitors to the Museum from 1979 to 2017.
In 1905 a cast of a Diplodocus carnegii (named after Andrew Carnegie, who founded the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1896) skeleton was donated to the Museum by the wealthy businessman Andrew Carnegie, based on the original specimen in the Carnegie Museum in the USA. King Edward VII had requested a copy of the newly discovered dinosaur after seeing a picture of it in Carnegie's Scottish castle. The cast was the first to be made and to go on public display.
The first fossils of Diplodocus were discovered in 1877 in Colorado, USA
and was first described as a new type of dinosaur in 1878 by Professor Othniel
C Marsh at Yale University.
The most notable Diplodocus find came in 1899, when crew members
from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History were collecting fossils in the
Morrison Formation of Sheep Creek, Wyoming, with funding from Scottish-American
steel tycoon Andrew Carnegie, they discovered a massive and well preserved
skeleton of Diplodocus.
A series of casts of the specimen were made and donated by Andrew Carnegie to
different countries in Europe, including Berlin
and London and Latin America, including Mexico.
The goal of Carnegie in sending these casts overseas was apparently to bring
international unity and mutual interest around the discovery of the dinosaur.
Diplodocus, Dippy, on display in Hintze Hall of the Natural History Museum in London. Image credit: NHM UK
In January 2017, Dippy left the Museum to prepare for a natural history adventure across the UK. Today the Hall is occupied by skeleton of blue whale, with nickname "Hope", a 25-metre blue whale skeleton, suspended in the air.
After returning in 2022, the famous cast is now on display at the Herbert Art Gallery & Museum in Coventry, on long-term loan from the Museum.
The third pair of "the Age of the Dinosaurs" stamps shows Coloborhynchus pterosaurs soar through the sky over a herd of Iguanodons who lived during the Early Cretaceous Period between 125 and 110 million years ago in what is now England.
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| Coloborhynchus and Iguanodon on the Age of the Dinosaurs stamps of Great Britain 2024 MiNr.: , Scott: |
Coloborhynchus was a type of pterosaur, a group of extinct flying reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs during the Mesozoic Era. Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to achieve flight over 220 million years ago and included the largest flying creatures of all time. Coloborhynchus is known from the Lower Cretaceous of England, and it was once thought to be the largest known toothed pterosaur. The type specimen of Coloborhynchus is known only from a partial upper jaw (the jaw is in collection of the Natural History Museum in London).
Comparing Coloborhynchus to other ornithocheirids suggests that its skull was about 30-35 cm long, and it had a wingspan of about 1.5 meters.
In 1874 Sir Richard Owen gave the name Coloborhynchus clavirostrus to a small fragment of an ornithocheirid pterosaur rostrum found in rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Hastings Beds of southern England. The genus name translates to “truncated snout,” referring to the flattened front edge of the specimen.
In Coloborhynchus, the two front teeth pointed forward and were higher on the jaw than the other teeth, while the next three pairs of teeth pointed to the sides. The final two (preserved) pairs of teeth pointed downward. Finally, a unique oval depression was located below the first pair of teeth.
Iguanodon was a large ornithopod that lived during the Early Cretaceous Period between 125 and 110 million years ago. Reaching a length of about 10m, it was a very large dinosaur – longer than both Triceratops and Stegosaurus – and a herbivore that probably ate around 30kg of plants every day. It is thought that Iguanodon probably walked on both two and four legs. It was one of the most successful dinosaurs, with remains having been found in many parts of Europe. Iguanodon had a large thumb spike, which was probably used to fend off predators. It also had a very long finger that it used to gather food.
The fourth pair of "the Age of the Dinosaurs" stamps shows Megalosaurus and Cryptoclidus - the pair of reptiles whose fossils were discovered in England. Megalosaurus who roamed what is now England between 170 and 155 million years ago is the fisrt named dinosaur. Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur (not a dinosaur, but a marine repltile) that existed at the same with Megalosaurus.
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| Megalosaurus and Cryptoclidus on the Age of the Dinosaurs stamps of Great Britain 2024 MiNr.: , Scott: |
Cryptoclidus was a type of plesiosaur – a group of extinct marine reptiles that existed from the Middle Triassic to the Late Cretaceous Periods. Some species reached 15m in length, although most were between 3m and 5m long. Plesiosaurs have been described as looking like a "snake threaded through a turtle". Their limbs were large, well-developed paddles and it is thought that Cryptoclidus flapped these up and down in a similar way to a turtle. Plesiosaurs would have been found across the world, including in what is now Argentina, USA, Australia, France, Germany, China and Morocco. Many fossils have been found of Cryptoclidus, particularly from the Oxford Clay Formation in the UK, making it one of the best understood of all plesiosaurs.
Products and associated philatelic items
| FDC of Royal Mail | Presentation Pack | |
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| The same cover, but different postmarks: Ammonite of Lyme Regis and dinosaur footprints from London. | A fact-packed foldout souvenir containing stamps, images and insights into different prehistoric species. | |
| Stamp Sheets | Coin Covers | |
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| These sheets were offered by Royal Mail as full (60 stamps) and half size (30 stamps). |
A limited edition souvenir released in partnership with The Royal Mint and the Natural History Museum.
Includes the Tyrannosaurus stamp cancelled with a bespoke handstamp. The cover on the left - a limited edition of 5,000 with 50p coin in immaculate Brilliant Uncirculated condition. he cover on the right - a limited edition of 1,000 with 925 Ag silver 50p coin includes selective colourisation. The reverse side of the cover and the information card contain some details about Tyrannosaurus. |
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| The reverse side is here | ||
| First-Day-of-Issue Postmarks | |||
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| Regular letters sent on the day of the stamps issue, cancelled with commemorative postmarks. To protect these covers from any damage the Royal Mail sent them in plastic bags. The track of the mail sorting machine and marks made by the postman, which could be proof these letters went through the post left on the plastic bag. | |||
Some Books about Natural History Museum in London
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"Richard Owen: Biology without Darwin" Amazon: USA, UK, DE. |
"Treasures of the Natural History Museum" Amazon: USA, UK, DE. |
"Natural History Museum: Souvenir Guide" Amazon: USA, UK, DE. |
"Nature's Cathedral: A guide to the Natural History Museum building" Amazon: USA, UK, DE. |
References:
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"The Dinosaur Hunters: A True Story of Scientific Rivalry and the Discovery of the Prehistoric World",
Deborah Cadbury. Amazon: USA, UK, DE. |
- Technical details and short press releases:
- Artist: Joshua Dunlop
- Stamp Design: "The Chase" creative constructing: official website
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Natural History Museum UK:
- official website
- "The Museum's dinosaurs"
- "Dinosaur collection" of NHM UK
- "Dinosaurs in England"
- Wikipedia
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"Treasures of the Natural History Museum", published by Natural History Museum UK in 2009, ISBN 0565092359.
Amazon: USA, UK, DE. -
"Natural History Museum: Souvenir Guide", published by Natural History Museum UK in 2017, ISBN 0565094181
Amazon: USA, UK, DE. -
"Nature's Cathedral: A guide to the Natural History Museum building", published by Natural History Museum UK in 2021, ISBN 0565094831
Amazon: USA, UK, DE.
Prehistoric animals depicted on the stamps
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Acknowledgements:
- Many thanks to Mr. Joshua Dunlop for nice chat on the facebook and permisison to use his images and sketches in this article.
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