Japan
Dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals, museums, flint tools on stamps and postmarks of Japan
Contents:
Japan, is an island country in East Asia.
Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan,
the East China Sea,
China,
Korea and
Russia,
stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East
China Sea and
Taiwan in the south.
Japan it is often called the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago of 6,852 islands.
The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make
up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area.
The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions.
The population of 126 million is the world's tenth largest.
The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and several
surrounding prefectures, is the world's largest metropolitan area with
over 35 million residents and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy.
[R1]
The story of the postage stamps and postal history of Japan begins with
official government posts, which had existed for some time prior to
1630, when they were reformed.
In 1870, Baron Maeshima visited London to learn the workings of the British postal system,
then founded Japan’s modern postal system in 1871.
The first stamps were issued in April 1871, in a set of four covering the different postal rates;
the intricate two-color design consisted of a pair of dragons facing towards the
center, where the characters of value were printed in black.
[R2]
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A cover sent to address in Japan.
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A cover sent to an international address.
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Japan uses their own, traditional, calendar that is based on the length of time that the emperor reigns.
Each time a new emperor begins to rule, a new counting of the years starts and the period acquires
a new name.
For example: 9.7.2 can be July 2nd, 1997 or July 2nd, 1934.
The first number is the year number since the new emperor began to rule, followed by the month and day.
Dates on all commemorative postmarks of Japan are of their traditional calendar.
In case of international letters, additional postmark with international date placed on the cover.
See examples on the right - two covers sent from the same post office on the same day.
One sent to an address in Japan, the other to Germany.
The cover to Germany has an additional postmark with international date, even thought it was not required,
as all stamps were already cancelled by commemorative postmark.
The second stamp on the cover to Japan is cancelled by regular postmark with Japanese date.
Official stamps of Japan related to Paleontology: fossils, dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals
Notes:
[B] This stamp was issued as regular sheet as well as a booklet with 10 mint stamps.
Stamps in the booklet are imperforate on their exterior sides.
Stamps from the bottom line are also imperforate on their bottom side.
Here are examples of stamps from the sheet versus the stamps from the booklet for the dinosaur stamps of 1999:
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Strip from a sheet of 20 - all stamps perforated on all 4 sides.
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Strip from a booklet of 10 -
all stamps except the last row are perforated on 3 sides.
The strip on the bottom side are perforated on 2 sides only.
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[P]
prefecture stamps.
From 1989 to 2007,
prefecture stamps were also issued.
Although valid for postage throughout the country, the designs are
specific to the prefecture and are only sold in the
prefecture's postal region.
Starting in 2008, prefectural issues were available for sale nationwide.
Moreover, the calligraphic style of the characters for "Japan Post"
on each stamp were changed to reflect the style used in non-prefecture issues for most stamps.
[1] Reprint of dinosaur stamps from 1999, not listed in stamp catalogs.
There are several differences that can be observed at the bottom of these mini-sheets:
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The name of the issuing authority/printing company on the bottom of the sheet is different.
The 2007 issue lists the “National Bureau of Printing Production”, while the 1999 issue lists
the “Ministry of Finance and Production”.
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The name of the issuing authority/printing company is located beneath the second stamp on
the bottom right side of the mini-sheet from 1999, but shifts to underneath the far right
stamp on the bottom side of the mini-sheet from 2007.
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Layout of the Mini-Sheet is changed: 4x5 stamps in 1999, but only 2x5 stamps in 2007.
[2] Dinosaur
Fukuiraptor depicted on one stamp from the mini-sheet of Fukui prefecture stamps.
Fukuiraptor was a medium-sized carnivore of the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) that lived in what is now Japan.
[3] Two Mongolian dinosaurs shown on "50
th anniversary of the establishment of Japan - Mongolia diplomatic relations"
Mini-Sheet of Japan.
The dinosaur on the stamp is
Saurolophus and a Sauropod on the margin.
Other stamps of Japan to consider: flint tools
17.09.1999 "Paleolithic flint tools from Iwajuku" [P] [B] |
20.06.2012 "World Heritage (3rd series) - 5: Ogasawara Islands" [O1] |
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Notes:
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Shells of extinct land snails genus Mandarina on stamp of Japan 2012,
MiNr.: 6010, Scott: 3442f
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[O1] WORLD HERITAGE STAMPS SERIES NO.5 "OGASAWARA ISLANDS" is a part of
series that featur World Heritage sites in Japan which have been registered since 2004 based
on the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritag.
The fifth World Heritage series consists of ten stamps depicted the natural scenery, plants and animals
of "Ogasawara Islands".
The Ogasawara Islands were inscribed on the World Natural Heritage List at
the 35
th session of the World Heritage Committee in June 2011.
Shells of the land snail species Mandarina luhuana from the Bonin islands of Japan
are depicted on one of the stamps (in the second row, on right).
This extinct species lived during the Early Holocene.
Some shells reported from Japan are dated to 1500 years old (based on carbon dating), while at another location,
their age was estimated to be between 5000 and 13000 years old (using electron spin remanence dating.
The second set of ages are definitely old enough to be considered fossil material. [R11]
Some personalized stamps of Japan with dinosaurs and their fossils
20.01.2009 "Tamba Ryu" [SP1] |
16.07.2010 "10th Anniversary of Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum" [SP2] |
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07.12.2013 "Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum" [SP2] |
18.04.2014 "Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum" [SP2] |
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Notes:
[SP1] The dinosaur fossils discovered from the early Cretaceous strata in Tamba City, Hyogo Prefecture were named “Tamba Ryu”.
[SP2] The Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum is the largest museum of dinosaurs in Japan,
displaying materials related to dinosaurs.
[R4]
Some of depicted dinosaurs are:
Camarasaurus,
Tarbosaurus,
Fukuiraptor,
Fukuisaurus.
Fukuiraptor and
Fukuisaurus are "native" Japanese dinosaurs.
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Fukuiraptor ("thief of Fukui") was a medium-sized megaraptoran theropod
dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous period.
Partial skeleton was discovered in the Kitadani quarry near Katsuyama in the Fukui prefecture.
[R5]
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Remains of Fukuisaurus were discovered in 1989, in the Kitadani
formation in Katsuyama, Fukui Prefecture.
It is relatively small species with estimated length of 4.5 meters,
the weight at four hundred kilograms.
[R6]
Commemorative postmarks of Japan related to Paleontology: dinosaurs, prehistoric animals and its fossils
Many of the postmarks shown below are so called "Landscape" postmarks.
Their design show most important landscape marks of the region: historical buildings, Buddha statues,
some touristic attractions, as a ski resort for example, as well as some fossils and reconstructions of
prehistoric animals who roamed the region in the past.
These postmarks available at specific post offices and are in use for very long periods of time.
Some postmarks are in use for several decades, as a postmark with fossil of Desmostylus from Mizunami Bureau
in Gifu Province, which was introduced in 1987 and available until now (2019).
Legend is here
Note: Images of some old postmarks are taken from old philatelic magazines - marked as [OS].
All real Japanese commemorative postmarks are red in color..
14.09.1973 [OS] [DU] [Sp] - |
01.03.1975 [DU] [Sp] - |
06.08.1976-19.02.1985[PM]
"Desmostylus in front of Fossil Museum of Mizunami on postmark of Gifu Prefecture,Mizunami post office
(located next to the museum)"
[C1] -
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01.09.1976-31.08.1980 [PM]
"Excavated shells on landscape postmark of Aichi prefecture, Higashiura post office" - |
02.11.1977 "National Science Museum" [FDC] |
xx.07.1979 "" [DU] [OS] [Sp] - |
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02.03.1981-now "Unearthed shells
on postmarks of Gifu province: Nannano, Ishizu, Hato post offices" [PM] - |
02.03.1981-30.04.2002 "Unearthed shells on
postmarks of Gifu province: Nannano, Ishizu, Hato post offices" [PM] |
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01.12.1981-now Megalodon (molluscs)/Megalodus
fossils on landscape postmark of Kumamoto Prefecture (Higoohno post office is in Ashikita province)
[PM] [C8] |
10.08.1982 - 29.03.1990
Museum of Natural History in Osaka city (Higashisumiyoshi post office) [PM] - |
23.11.1982-now Ammonite and Plesiosaurus on
landscape postmark of Hokkaido prefecture (Hobetsu post office) [PM] |
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23.01.1983 "" [OS] [Sp] - |
22.04.1983 [Sp] - |
18.07.1983 "Opening if the main post office in Mikasa" [Sp] - |
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18.07.1983-now Ammonite on landscape postmark of
Hokkaido prefecture (Mikasa post office) [PM] |
23.07.1983 [OS] [Sp] - |
18.10.1983 "15th anniversary of the Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum"
[OS] [Sp] - |
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16.04.1984-now "Nauman Elephant and Excavation
Monument on Hokaido island" (Chuurui post office) [PM] [C2] |
15.05.1984-now Shell fossil on landscape postmark of
Nakatonbetsu station, Hokkaido Prefecture |
01.07.1984 [PM] [C2] - |
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16.10.1984-now "Takikawa sea cow" (Takikawaekimae post
office) [PM] [C3] |
20.02.1985-now "Desmostylus in front of Fossil
Museum of Mizunami" (Mizunami post office, near the Fossils Museum) [PM] [N] [C1] |
27.07.1985 [OS] [Sp] - |
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23.11.1985-now Megalodon (shark) tooth on landscape
postmarks of Anan Town Office, Nagano prefecture [PM] |
01.10.1986-20.06.2004 "Plesiosaurus at
Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum" [PM] (Tokiwa Post office, Iwaki city) |
20.10.1986-now Fossil scallops on landscape postmark
of Fence Bureau, Nagano prefecture (Shigarami post office) [PM] |
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18.05.1987-now "Carcharodon megalodon" [PM] - |
15.07.1987-now "Plesiosaurus at Iwaki Coal and
Fossil Museum", Iwaki city (Hisanohama Post Office) [PM] |
17.07.1987 "30th Katsurrazawa sea-festival"
[PM] - |
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01.08.1987-now Nauman Elephant on landscape postmark of Inba District,
Chiba Prefecture [PM] [C2] |
01.09.1987-15.04.2001
[PM] "Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park by Mine city" - |
08.08.1988 - now "Prehistoric landscape of
Hokkaido island" (Utanobori post office) [PM] |
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19.06.1989-.11.2011 Utatsusaurus (Fish Dragon) on
landscape postmark of Miyagi Prefecture (Utatsu Bureau - destroyed by earthquake in 2011) [PM] - |
01.11.1989-now Katsuyama Dragon (Fukuiraptor) [PM] [C5] |
30.03.1990-31.08.1997 [PM]
[N] Museum of Natural History in Osaka city (Higashisumiyoshi post office) |
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01.05.1990-now Dinosaur on postmark of Ibaraki Prefecture [PM] |
02.07.1990 "The Dinosaurs and Ammonites exhibition in Mikasa (01.07.1990 - 30.09.1990 )" [Sp] |
01.04.1991 -30.06.1999 Stone statue of Naumann Elephant (Sakawa Bureau, Kochi)[PM] [C2] [C7] |
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21.07.-12.08.1990 "Dinosaurs stamps show in Tokio" [Sp] |
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20.05.19991-now Ammonite on landscape postmark
Nakagawa Bureau, Hokkaido prefecture [PM] |
24.08.1992 " International Geological Congress " [C6] [FDC] |
1992 "Taniwhasaurs mikasaensis", Lake Katsurazawa [Sp] [DU] |
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15.10.1992-now "Stegosaurus on postmark of Dinosaur
Wonderland in the Cave – Wakayama" (Oshite post office, Wakayama prefecture, Kansai Region) [PM] |
28.04.1995 "Stamp Show '95" [Sp] |
02.12.1996 -now "Nauman Elephant on postmark of Shizuoka prefecture, Isaji post office" [PM] [C2] |
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08.10.1998-now Katsuyama Dragon (Fukuiraptor) [C5] [PM] |
01.01.1999-now Ammonite on landscape postmark Mikasa Yayoi Station, Hokkaido prefecture [PM] |
10.02.1999-now Katsuyama Dragon (Fukuiraptor) [C5] [PM] |
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22.02.1999 "Dinosaurs" [P][B] [FDC] |
22.02.1999-now
Katsuyama Dragon (Fukuiraptor), Katsuyamatakinami post office [C5] [PM] |
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22.02.1999-now Katsuyama Dragon (Fukuiraptor), Katsuyamatakinami post office [C5] [PM] |
22.02.1999-now Dinosaur on postmark of Katsuyama city [C5] [PM] |
01.03.1999-now Plesiosaurus on landscape postmark of Niiwan Bureau, Hokkaido prefecture [PM] |
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01.07.1999-now Stone statue of Naumann Elephant (Sakawa Bureau, Kochi) [C2] [C7] [PM] - |
09.08.1999-now Theropod dinosaur on postmark of the Goshoura Cretaceous Museum in Kumamoto city. [PM] |
11.11.1999-now "Metasequoia fossils (plant fossil) on landscape of Tokyo province, Hachioji Kawaguchi East Post Office" [PM] |
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16.04.2001-now Landscape post of Mine city, Yamaguchi Prefecture at Ammonite shape. [PM] |
22.08.2002 "Stamp show at Narashino" [Sp] [OS] - |
21.06.2004-now "Plesiosaurus at Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum" (Johban Post office, Iwaki city) [PM] [N] |
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25.03.2005 "EXPO 2005 AICHI JAPAN" [FDC] |
01.09.-15.10.2018 "National Sports Festival 2018 in Fukui Prefecture (Katsuyama post office)" [Sp] |
08.05.2020 -now "Mifune Dinosaur" [PM] [C9] |
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Notes:
[C1]
Desmostylus is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal of the family Desmostylidae living from
28.4 mya to 7.250 Mya.
Desmostylus was a large, hippopotamus-like creature about 1.8 metres long which weighed about 200 kilograms.
Most likely fully aquatic,
Desmostylus is thought to have lived in shallow water in coastal regions.
Many fossils of
Desmostylus have been found at various locations in Japan.
[R7]
[C2] Naumann's elephant (
Palaeoloxodon naumanni) is an
extinct species belonging to the genus
Palaeoloxodon, most
closely related to the African Forest Elephant, that lived in Southern
Japan in the late Pleistocene about 500,000 to 15,000 years ago.
It is named after Heinrich Edmund Naumann who discovered the first fossils at
Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
The ancestor of
Palaeoloxodon naumanni moved from the Eurasian continent to Japan via a land bridge;
it subsequently evolved independently and spread throughout Japan after
the land bridge was covered by rising seawaters.
Palaeoloxodon naumanni was hunted by the inhabitants of the time.
In 1969, fossilized bones from a Naumann's elephant were discovered by
chance during the construction of an agricultural road in Churui.
Further archaeological excavations recovered the bones of nearly the entire elephant's skeleton.
To commemorate this remarkable discovery, a museum was built, featuring numerous displays about
the Naumann's elephant, including a restoration of the full skeleton.
[R8]
[C3] The Takikawa sea cow (
Hydrodamalis spissa) is an extinct herbivorous marine mammal of
the Late Pliocene, which was closely related to the recently extinct Steller's sea cow
Hydrodamalis spissa).
In 1988, fossils of sea cows were discovered on Hokkaido island.
[R9]
[C4] Mine is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
One of the attractions in the region is Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park, that served as a Natural History Museum.
[C5] There are 8 post offices in Katsuyama city with commemorative postmarks
depicting
Fukuiraptor (one of the postmarks looks very cartoonish, therefore it is not listed with the other postmarks above).
Fukuiraptor is one of many dinosaurs on exhibit at the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, which is located in
Katsuyama city.
Fukuiraptor ("thief of Fukui") was a medium-sized megaraptoran theropod dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous period.
A partial skeleton was discovered at the Kitadani Quarry near Katsuyama in the Fukui prefecture.
[R5]
[C6] Issued in several cities across Japan - the same design, but the city name on the bottom is different
[C7] Some landscape postmarks of the same design issued by different post offices.
"Plesiosaurus at Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum" - issued between 01.10.
1986-20.06.
2004
by Tokiwa Post office, later one, from 21.06.2004 till now by Johban Post office in Iwaki city.
"Stone statue of Naumann Elephant", Sakawa Bureau at Kochi prefecture - 01.04.
1991 - 30.06.
1999
without prefecture name, from 01.07.
1999 till now with prefecture name.
Two extra hieroglyphs added above date.
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Difference of Plesiosaurus at Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum postmark of Japan.
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Difference of Stone statue of Naumann Elephant postmark of Japan.
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[C8] Megalodon is a common name associated with a giant extinct shark that lived approximately
23 to 3.6 million years ago (Early Miocene to Pliocene) and depicted on several stamps around the world.
Megalodon is actually a specific name for a species in the genus
Carcharocles –
Carcharocles megalodon.
There is a genus
Megalodon – but this genus has nothing to do with sharks, but instead refers to a type of extinct
bivalve molluscs that lived from the Devonian to the Jurassic.
[R10]
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Megalodon - an extinct genus of bivalve molluscs on postmark of Japan and fossils.
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Prehistoric shark Carcharocles megalodon on stamps of New Caledonia 1999.
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[C9] In May 8
th 2020, new landscape postmark was introduced by Japanese Post.
The postmark of Mifune town (population of 17,000) - Kamimashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture.
The postmark shows a waterfall and skull of a "Mifune"" dinosaur.
A tooth of a carnivorous dinosaur discovered at the town in 1979.
It became famous as Japan's first carnivorous dinosaur fossil (common name: Mifneryu), perhaps relative of
Allosaurus.
Later on many other fossils and footprints of dinosaurs and pterosaurs found at the place.
On April 1998 Mifune Dinosaur Museum was established in the town.
[R12]
Other commemorative postmarks of Japan to consider: flint tools, Natural History Museums
02.11.1977 "National Science Museum" |
17.09.1999 "Paleolithic flint tools from Iwajuku" [FDC] |
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References:
- [R1] Japan:
Wikipedia,
WikiTravel,
FlagCounter.
Japanese calendar: ewc.co.jp
- [R2] Postal History and Philately of Japan:
Wikipedia,
Links to official website of the Post Authority, stamp catalog and a list of new stamps of Japan are here
- [R3] Information about postmarks:
Fossils on landscape postmarks of Japan,
Paleontology on landscape postmarks of Japan,
Landscape postmarks of Japan,
The Geological Society of Japan.
- [R4] Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum:
official website
- [R5] Fukuiraptor:
Wikipedia,
- [R6] Fukuisaurus:
Wikipedia,
- [R7] Desmostylus:
Wikipedia,
- [R8] Palaeoloxodon naumanni:
Wikipedia,
- [R9] Takikawa sea cow (Hydrodamalis spissa):
Wikipedia,
- [R10] Megalodon (bivalve):
Wikipedia,
- [R11] Mandarina luhuana:
FDC text,
Wikipedia,
"Taxonomy
and Morphologic diversity of Mandarina (Pulmonata) in the Bonin Islands", by Satoshi Chiba.
- [R12] Mifune Dinosaur Museum:
official website,
Acknowledgements:
- Many thanks to fellow collectors Mr. Mitsuhiko Sakanoue and Mr. Koji ABE for their
help finding information about some Japanese stamps and postmarks.
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Many thanks to Dr. Peter Voice from Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Western Michigan University,
for reviewing the draft page and his valuable comments.