USA
1996
"Prehistorical animals"
| Issue Date |
08.06.1996 |
| ID |
Michel: 2735-2738;
Scott: 3077-30780;
Stanley Gibbons: 3212-3215;
Yvert et Tellier: 2510-2513;
Category: pR |
| Design |
Illustrations: Don Balke,
Stamp Design: David Meltzer
|
| Stamps
in set |
4 |
| Value |
32c - Eohippus
32c - Woolly mammoth
32c - Mastodon
32c - Saber-tooth cat
|
| Emission/Type |
commemorative |
| Places of issue |
Toronto, Canada |
| Size (width x height) |
78mm x 64mm |
| Layout |
Sheet of 40 |
| Products |
|
| Paper |
No Watermark |
| Perforation |
11 x 11 |
| Print Technique |
Lithography, multicolor
|
| Printed by |
Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd |
| Quantity |
27,730,000 |
| Issuing Authority |
U.S. Postal Service |
On June 8
th, 1996, the United States Post Office issued its second set of prehistoric animal stamps.
Unlike the 1989 set, which featured Mesozoic reptiles, this new issue depicted Cenozoic mammals:
the prehistoric horse
Eohippus,
the
woolly mammoth, the mastodon,
and the saber-toothed cat.
According to the Stampedout website, some of the scientific names used for the animals are outdated
or inaccurate.
Eohippus is now generally regarded as synonymous with Hyracotherium;
the “woolly mammoth” illustrated on the stamp more closely resembles Mammuthus imperator
(the Imperial mammoth);
the mastodon should properly be referred to as Mammut;
and the saber-toothed cat corresponds to the genus Smilodon.
The stamp designs were based on illustrations created by wildlife artist Don Balke.
Born and raised in rural Wisconsin, Balke developed a deep appreciation for nature and wildlife,
reflected in his numerous finely detailed paintings.
His artwork is known for its vivid sense of mood and movement.
In these illustrations he sought to capture the awe and mystery of prehistoric mammals.
The designs were completed in 1994, as indicated on the
selvages of the sheet.
The issue was originally scheduled for release in August 1995 during STAMPSHOW 95 in St. Louis, Missouri.
However, technical problems in the printing process delayed the release, and the stamps were ultimately
issued the following year at CAPEX ’96 in Toronto, Canada.
Around 66 million years ago, at the end of the Mesozoic Era, a major mass extinction eliminated the
non-avian dinosaurs and many other groups.
In the aftermath, mammals diversified and became the dominant large land animals of the Cenozoic Era,
often called the “Age of Mammals”.
During this time, early relatives of modern elephants, horses, and camels appeared, while carnivorous
mammals diversified into forms that eventually gave rise to modern canine and feline lineages.
As environments continued to change, some species adapted and flourished, while others migrated or
eventually became extinct.
The prehistoric animals depicted on the stamps
Eohippus
 |
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Eohippus on stamp of USA 1996
MiNr.: , Scott:
|
Eohippus was a small, plant-eating mammal that lived approximately 55 million years ago.
Scientists have determined this animal was the horses first ancestor.
Often referred to as the dawn horse,
Eohippus stood about 15 inches high, and was about the size
of a fox.
In fact, the dawn horse closely resembled a dog-like creature, as it lacked the straight back and long
face of modern horses.
The
Eohippus had four toes on its front foot (one of these was non-functional),
and three on its hind foot.
Each toe ended in a separate hoof.
The part of the foot which bore the animals weight was covered with a tough pad, much like a dogs.
Scientists have determined from fossilized teeth that
Eohippus was more of a
browser than a grazer which means it ate more like a rabbit than a horse.
But, like todays horse, the
Eohippus depended on its speed to evade predators.
Nature began replacing
Eohippus with a more horse-like animal, the
Mesohippus
or middle horse, about 35 million years ago.
Twenty-six million years ago
Merychippus (cud-chewing horse) emerged.
It had three toes on each foot, but the strong, large-hoofed center toe bore all the animals weight.
Animals resembling todays horse appeared about 3 million years ago.
Woolly mammoth
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Woolly mammoth on stamp of USA 1996
MiNr.: , Scott:
|
Mammoths are members of an extinct genus of elephants.
Woolly mammoths were a specialized type of mammoth with long, reddish brown hair, which
protected them from the severe cold of the Ice Age (2,000,000-10,000 years ago).
Mammoths were more closely related to elephants than were mastodons.
Measuring 14 feet high at the shoulder, the
woolly mammoth was a huge,
lumbering animal.
Its tusks, which curved up and crossed in front of its trunk, could measure up to 13 feet in length.
Three inches of fat under the skin provided further insulation, and there was a large hump
of fat on its back.
The mammoths skull was high and dome-like, and its ears were smaller than an elephants.
Mammoths first appeared in Africa 4 million years ago, and they reached
North America about 1.5 million years ago.
Their fossils are among the most common in the world.
Remarkably preserved 30,000-year-old mammoths have been found in Siberia.
Prehistoric man pictured mammoths in his cave art.
In Europe, realistic depictions of entire herds of mammoths have been found.
Evidence exists that prehistoric human settlers of North America hunted these huge animals.
Mammoths became extinct at the end of the Ice Age.
Mastodon
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Mastodon on stamp of USA 1996
MiNr.: , Scott:
|
Mastodons were animals very much like modern elephants.
The fossil record shows that mastodons first appeared in northern Africa about 40 million years ago.
From there they spread all over Europe, Asia, and the rest of Africa.
Approximately 14 million years ago, mastodons arrived in the New World.
Mastodons were related to another extinct, elephant-like species, the four-tuskers.
Both of these creatures were shorter and stockier than modern elephants.
Like four-tuskers, early types of mastodons had tusks on both their lower and upper jaw, but many
later examples of the species no longer had this trait.
Some types of mastodons and four-tuskers had prominent lower tusks which were very flat.
These animals are called shovel-tuskers.
All mastodons were covered with reddish brown hair, and had teeth that were much smaller
and more primitive than those of elephants.
By 10,000 years ago, at the end of the Pleistocene Epoch, most mastodons had disappeared.
However, evidence indicates that the mastodon existed in North America after the Pleistocene
which means they would have co-existed with historic Native American groups.
Mankind was probably a factor in the mastodons extinction, especially in North America.
Saber-tooth cat
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|
Saber-tooth cat on stamp of USA 1996
MiNr.: , Scott:
|
The saber-tooth cat of prehistoric times is classified in a subfamily of the cat family
(
Felidae) called
Machairodontinae.
Saber-tooth cats were named for their large upper canine teeth.
These teeth were curved like sabers, and could be up to eight inches long!
The saber-tooth cats had very strong necks and skulls, their lower canines were relatively small
in size, and their mouths could be opened to a 90 degree angle.
All of these features suggest the saber-tooth cat used its canine teeth for
stabbing and slashing its prey.
About 2 million years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch, the most
famous of the saber-tooth cats, the
Smilodon, appeared.
This animal represented the peak of saber-tooth evolution.
It was approximately the same size as a tiger, but stockier and with shorter limbs.
Smilodon roamed all over North and South America hunting large plant-eaters such as mammoths.
Many
Smilodon bones have been preserved in the tar pits of
Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, California.
The saber-tooth cats became extinct approximately 10,000 years ago.
During that time the last glaciers retreated north.
The changing climate, the subsequent changes in plants, and the success of man were
probably responsible for the demise of the saber-tooth cat.
Products and associated philatelic items
No official First Day Cover (FDC) were issued in connection with this stamp issue.
The United States Postal Service did not produce an official FDC
or a pictorial First-Day-of-Issue postmark.
All first day covers and maxi cards illustrated below are privately produced items.
| Examples of personalized FDCs (many more exist) |
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| Stamps Sheet |
Commemorative Panel |
Souvenir Panel |
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| Booklet |
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References
