Gibraltar 2009 "Darwin 200^th Anniversary"

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Issue Date	12.11.2009
ID	Michel: 1349-1352, Bl. 90 (1353); Scott: 1211-1214, 1215; Stanley Gibbons: 1341a-1341d, 1341e; Yvert et Tellier: 1349-1352, BF91; Category: pF
Design	Stephen Perera
Stamps in set	5 (4 stamps and Souvenir-Sheet with 1 stamp)
Value	10p, 42p, 44p, 2, 2.42
Size (width x height)	30x40mm, MS 114x74mm
Layout
Products	FDC x2, PP x2
Paper
Perforation	14.25x15
Print Technique	Offset Lithography, 4 colors
Printed by	Lowe-Martin, Canada
Quantity
Issuing Authority	The Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau Ltd.

On November 12^th, 2009, the Post of Gibraltar issued the set of four single stamps and a Souvenir-Sheet "Darwin 200^th Anniversary". The single stamps contain some text on the reverse side. These stamps reproduces images from "The Complete Work of Charles Darwin" website.
The year 2009 was both the 200^th Anniversary or bicentenary of the birth of Charles Robert Darwin, and the 150^th anniversary of the publication of his most famous work "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection". Many postal authorities around the world, including Ascension Island issued stamps to celebrate one or both of these a anniversaries.


Below are quotes from an official press release, published by Gibraltar Post Office & Philatelic Bureau in 2009.
Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 - 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who realised and presented compelling evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors, through the process he called natural selection. The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and much of the general public in his lifetime, while his theory of natural selection came to be widely seen as the primary explanation of the process of evolution in the 1930s, and now forms the basis of modern evolutionary theory. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences,providing logical explanation for the diversity of life.



At Edinburgh University Darwin neglected medical studies to investigate marine invertebrates, then the University of Cambridge encouraged a passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories.

His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.

In recognition of Darwin's pre-eminence, he was one of only five 19^th-century UK non-royal personages to be honoured by a state funeral, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton.

Products and associated philatelic items

FDC		First-Day-of-Issue Postmarks
Presentation Packs		Example of circulated covers
The reverse side of both Presentation Packs are identical, contain some technical details and the background information text.
Imperforate Stamps
The imperforate stamps are very rare.

References

• Technical details and stamps presentation: Gibraltar Post
• "The Complete Work of Charles Darwin" internet resource
• Representation of "Darwin 200^th Anniversary" in Philately.

Acknowledgements:

• many thanks to Peter Brandhuber for his help and sharing scans of some unique philatelic material from his personal collection.
• many thanks to Dr. Peter Voice from Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Western Michigan University, for reviewing the draft page and his valuable comments.

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